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The Legal 500 建设工程国别指南(中国篇)·第一期

信息来源:建领城达所  时间:2022-05-17  作者:建领城达所

编者按 上海建领城达律师事务所主任周吉高律师接受国际知名法律评级机构The Legal 500的邀请,撰写建设工程国别指南(中国篇)。近日,The Legal 500已正式在其官网发布该指南。“建领城达”公众号将对该指南的全部内容进行分期推送,本文为第一期,以飨读者!

Legal framework

法律概况


Q1:Is your jurisdiction a common law or civil law jurisdiction?

你所在的司法管辖区是普通法还是大陆法?


A1:Shanghai JianLingChengDa Law Firm is registered in Shanghai, China.My jurisdiction is a civil law jurisdiction.

上海建领城达律师事务所注册于中国上海,适用大陆法。


Q2:What are the key statutory obligations relevant to construction and engineering projects?

与建设工程领域相关的重要立法文件有哪些?


A2: The key legislative documents relevant to the field of construction works are as follows:


与建设工程领域相关的重要立法文件:


(1) The Civil Code: the full text of a total of 1260 of which, and the field of construction projects is directly related to the contract Part II, Chapter 18 "Construction Project Contract.".


(1)《民法典》:全文共计1260条其中,与建设工程领域直接关联的是合同编第二分编第十八章“建设工程合同”。 


(2) New Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on Construction Contracts (I): On 29 December 2020, the Supreme People's Court issued the Decision on the Abolition of Some Judicial Interpretations and Related Normative Documents (Fa Shi [2020] No. 16), deciding to abolish the "Reply of the Supreme People's Court on the Issue of the Priority of Reimbursement of the Price of Construction Works" (Fa Shi [2002] No. 16) and the former "Judicial Interpretation of Construction Contracts" (Fa Shi [2002] No. 16) with effect from 1 January 2021. 2002] No. 16), the former Judicial Interpretation of Construction Contracts (I) and the former Judicial Interpretation of Construction Contracts (II), and other documents. On the same day, the new Judicial Interpretation of Construction Contracts (I) was officially promulgated and came into effect on 1 January 2021.


(2)最高人民法院新《施工合同司法解释(一)》:2020年12月29日,最高人民法院发布《关于废止部分司法解释及相关规范性文件的决定》(法释〔2020〕16号),决定自2021年1月1日起,废止《最高人民法院关于建设工程价款优先受偿权问题的批复》(法释〔2002〕16号)、原《施工合同司法解释(一)》、原《施工合同司法解释(二)》等文件。同日,新《施工合同司法解释(一)》正式公布,并自2021年1月1日起施行。


(3) The Guidance Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the Proper Trial of Civil Cases Involving the New Coronary Pneumonia Epidemic According to Law (I) (II) (III)


(3)最高人民法院关于依法妥善审理涉新冠肺炎疫情民事案件若干问题的指导意见》(一)(二)(三)


(4) Construction Law (amended in 2019)

(4)《建筑法》(2019年修订)


(5) Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects

(5)《建设工程质量管理条例》


(6) Town and Country Planning Law

(6)《城乡规划法》


(7) Land Administration Law

(7)土地管理法


(8) Various special industry norms.

(8)各类专项行业规范


Q3:Are there any specific requirements that parties should be aware of in relation to:

在职业健康、环境保护、规划、劳动用工、反腐败与贿赂方面,有哪些需要各方主体注意的特别要求?


(a) health and safety;

(b) environmental issues;

(c) planning; 

(d) employment; and

(e) anti-corruption and bribery. 


a) 职业健康

b) 环境保护

c) 规划

d) 劳动用工

e) 反腐败与贿赂


A3:

a) Health and Safety: The Construction Law, the Work Safety Law, the Regulations on the Administration of Work Safety in Construction Projects and other regulations specify that all parties to construction projects are required to ensure construction safety and assume responsibility for construction safety in accordance with the law.


a) 职业健康:《建筑法》《安全生产法》《建设工程安全生产管理条例》以及其他的规范中明确建设工程各方主体需保障施工安全并依法承担施工安全责任。


b) Environmental Issues: The Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Protection, the Law on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution and the Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, as well as the corresponding implementation rules, have clear provisions on the pollution standards arising from construction projects.


b) 环境保护:《中华人民共和国环境保护法》《大气污染防治法》《水污染防治法》以及相应的实施细则,对于建设工程产生的污染标准有明确规定。


c) Planning: The Urban and Rural Planning Law specifies that if construction works are to be carried out within a planning area, the construction unit shall apply to the competent authorities for a planning permit for construction works. To apply for a construction project planning permit, relevant supporting documents for the use of land and design plans for construction works should be submitted. Construction projects that require the construction unit to prepare a detailed construction plan shall also submit a detailed construction plan.


c) 规划:《城乡规划法》中明确了规划区内进行工程建设的,建设单位应当向主管部门申请办理建设工程规划许可证。申请办理建设工程规划许可证,应当提交使用土地的有关证明文件、建设工程设计方案等材料。需要建设单位编制修建性详细规划的建设项目,还应当提交修建性详细规划。


d) Employment: The Regulations on Safeguarding the Payment of Wages to Migrant Workers came into effect on May 1, 2020. This is the first special regulation to safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers' wages in China. The regulation, which makes specific provisions on the implementation of the main responsibility, regulation of wage payment, clarification of responsibility for settlement and governance of key areas, is an administrative regulation formulated to eradicate the phenomenon of defaulted migrant workers' wages.


d) 劳动用工:《保障农民工工资支付条例》于2020年5月1日起正式施行。这是我国第一部保障农民工工资权益的专门性法规,该条例,从落实主体责任、规范工资支付、明确清偿责任、重点领域治理等方面做了具体规定,是为了根治拖欠农民工工资现象制定的行政法规。


e) Anti-corruption and Bribery: The Criminal Law criminalises the collection of bribes from state employees as well as non-state employees, and the offering of bribes to the aforementioned subjects. In addition, the Civil Service Law and the Supervision Law also contain provisions on anti-corruption and bribery.


e) 反腐败与贿赂:《刑法》将对国家工作人员以及非国家工作人员收取贿赂,以及向前述主体行贿的行为均认定为犯罪。此外,《公务员法》《监察法》中也有关于反腐败与贿赂的相关规定。


Q4:What permits, licences and/or other documents do parties need before starting work, during work and after completion?  Are there any penalties for non-compliance?


在开工前、施工期间和完工后各方主体需要取得哪些许可证、执照和(或)其他文件?如违反,将受到哪些处罚?


A4:Before commencement of construction: Construction Land Planning Permit and Construction Engineering Planning Permit issued by the Planning Department and State Land Use Certificate issued by the Land Department;


During construction: none.


After completion of construction: planning acceptance permit, environmental assessment acceptance, acceptance registration and inspection.


Penalties for non-compliance generally include fines, orders to suspend construction, orders to restore the status quo ante and non-acceptance and inspection registration.


开工前:规划部门核发的《建设用地规划许可证》和《建设工程规划许可证》以及国土部门核发的《国有土地使用证》;

施工期间:无;

完工后:规划验收许可证、环评验收、验收登记和检查。

对不遵守规定的处罚一般包括罚款、责令暂停施工,责令恢复原状和不予验收和检查登记。


Q5:Is tort law or a law of extra-contractual obligations recognised in your jurisdiction?


你所在的司法管辖区是否承认侵权法或合同外责任?


A5:Yes, the Tort Liability Part of the Civil Code clearly stipulates the constitutive requirements and consequences of all kinds of torts, and the Contract Part of the Civil Code also establishes the liability for contracting negligence.


是的,民法典侵权责任编中对各类侵权行为的构成要件以及后果作了明确规定,此外民法典合同编还确立了缔约过失责任。


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